Organization Decision Making Process - 1052 Words

An organization continually makes decisions at all levels. Until the past decade, most organizations and their managers and employees operated in an information and knowledge fog, making decisions based on best guesses about the past and present, and making expensive errors in the process. Many have failed throughout the course trying to improve the decision making process, there are many ways that contribute to the failure. Organizations can easily miss the market, by not having the right intelligence, analysis, not acting on agreements, having inadequate capitalization or simply because the competitors are doing better job. Another crucial failure during the process is poor execution, when there is ineffective leadership, inefficient operations, and excessive costs. Not following the right strategies is another contributor of failure, not having the right products and services, ineffective marketing, utilizing outdated technologies and not adjusting to the frequent changes on the m arket in today’s competitive world. Nevertheless, several steps can guide us to making the right decision. The first is to declare a decision, recognize that an organization ought to make a decision, second is to decide what to make with that decision and finally execute the decision to create results and changes in the outcome of those decisions. There are four stages in the decision-making, intelligence, design, choice and implementation. All of these steps consist of discovering,Show MoreRelatedDecision Making Process Of An Organization1829 Words   |  8 Pagesassist the decision maker in speeding up the decision making process There are various heuristics or methods that can speed up the decision making process of an organizations or the decision maker for the company in a given framework. When the organization is working under the global market, the methods to speed up the decision making process is extremely important for the decision makers of the organizations. Defining the problems There can be two or more problems in an organization when it is workingRead MoreDecision Making Process Of The Theory Of Organization2038 Words   |  9 PagesDecision Making Decision making process is a way to get a final choice on achieving goals or solving problems among several alternatives. In classical theory of organization, it was believed that only top managers perform as the decision makers. It regards the employees as ‘instrument’ (March and Simon 1993). However, In Simon and March’s view (1993), employees are not just instrument, they are indeed rational people that think, act, and decide on their own in organizations. The decisions they madeRead MoreDecision Making Process For The Cleaning Supply Organization870 Words   |  4 Pagesaddress this issue head on and re-prioritize our decision making process to help improve sales. Listed below is a decision making model that will help the cleaning supply organization prioritize short and long term goals. This may seem like an ambitious process, but it is crucial to stop the negative sales trend. I believe many of these plans will prove beneficial to our team in the future. Decision making process for the cleaning supply organization 1) Define a short term sales strategy to stabilizeRead MoreDisruptive Innovation : An Organization s Decision Making Process2564 Words   |  11 Pagesare in a unique position amongst all health care workers. As the deliverer of the majority of care, nurses have more contact with consumers than many other professions. Nurse leaders have the opportunity to be central an organization’s decision making process. Additionally, nurses plan, implement and evaluate change at all levels. Innovation is one way to describe a type of change. This paper will explore how innovation, specifically disruptive innovation, can be the vehicle in which positiveRead MoreStrategic Planning : Mission Statement And Goals901 Words   |  4 PagesPlanning Process The purpose of strategic planning is to help position the organization to achieve a larger competitive fit in its environment in order to accomplish its goals (Plunkett, Allen, Attner, 2013). A strategic plan looks at everything an organization could accomplish and confines it to the things it is essentially good at doing and assists in deciding where to spend time, human capital, and money. There are several steps organizations should follow in the strategic planning process. TheRead MoreStrategic Planning1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfor one purpose only: to help an organization do a better job - to focus its energy, to ensure that members of the organization are working toward the same goals, to assess and adjust the organization s direction in response to a changing environment. Basically, strategic planning is a disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. The process is strategic because it involvesRead MoreDecision Making Is A Fundamental Component For Any Successful Business958 Words   |  4 PagesDecision-making is a fundamental component to any successful business. I chose the topic â€Å"Managerial Decision Making† because informed decisions are critical in order for managers to drive a profitable and sustainable business. Many business analysts measure an organization’s performance on their level of attained profit. The profits companies produce based on their business arrangements and profitable business deals, permit them to allocate benchmarks within the company to set financial goals forRead MoreEssay on Improving Our Ability to Make Decisions1716 Words   |  7 PagesDecision-Making Process: Improving Our Ability to Make Decision Facing a situation, you have to decide. For example, the fire surrounds you: What do you do? Jump through the windows and risk to kill yourself or to wait the firemen and risk to be burned to death if they come to late? Every decision that we make or don’t make shapes our future. Everyone tries to make good decisions. However, it is easy to overlook an important factor, miss a desirable option, or base the decision on unreliableRead MoreUsing Tools For Decision Making1447 Words   |  6 PagesUsing Tools for Decision Making Organizations and its employees have to make decisions on a daily basis. Regardless of the organizational level - from the CEO to the receptionist – at some point in their careers most employees are faced with an organizational or personal dilemma. Whether the situation is personal or professional, individuals should first identify the root cause of the dilemma as part of the decision-making process; verify the real problem before attempting to generate a solutionRead MoreEssay about Employee Empowerment in Flat Organizations616 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Empowerment in Flat Organizations A flat organization is a culture of ownership and partnership, it is an organization that uses teams to increase efficiency, responsiveness and flexibility. The focus is on customer satisfaction, work is directly connected, to customer processes. Employees in a flat organization know the business, they have been delegated the power to think for the whole company. Flat organizations are giving lower management more responsibilities; they are

Short Story - 876 Words

What’s happening? Worriedly asked Iris as Barry’s head tilted to his right before his whole body was leaning forward in his chair. If that wasn’t enough to increase the woman’s uneasiness, Barry’s rapidly increasing breathing and the computer alarm that went off in the next moment, stopping Caitlin midway in her movement to open her mouth, did the trick and confirmed she had real reasons for her anxiety. Instantly reacting, while controlling her rising panic, the doctor stared straight at her computer screen, analyzing the data she had been monitoring: His brain waves are off the chart. She observed loudly before turning her attention to the two sitting men. Barry, it’s not real. Well, not yet. You need to calm down. ‘Come†¦show more content†¦Oh my God! Shouted Iris, putting her hand in front of her wide-open mouth. Her eyes fully opened with tears already burning in the corner of them. It wasn’t supposed to happen. They needed to do something. They needed to get him back, now! Perhaps if she†¦No time to think or overthink it. The reporter did the only thing her panic brain could come up with; disconnecting the speedster. He was fine before going in, he should be once he’s out. Reacting, without thinking, she reached out for the headset and took it off, but not without screaming out in surprise and pain as she was doing it. Ow. She exclaimed, bringing her shocked fingers to her mouth to try and ease the physical pain. Really? Just what she needed today. Not the time for electric malfunctions. Iris? Asked Caitlin in concern, yet barely glancing at the young woman before reporting all of her attention to her most urgent patient who wasn’t nearly done seizing. I’m ok. She assured, massaging her right hand. Burning and tickling sensation were all over the limb, but this could wait to be looked at. Barry, on the other hand, couldn’t wait. What about Cisco? Cisco, get out too! The young reporter screamed at the engineer, fearing the same fate was awaiting him. Bang! A loud sound brought back everyone’s attention to Barry asShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Predictive Modeling Decision Tree Free Essays

Predict ‘kicks’ or bad purchases using Carvana – Cleaned and Sampled. jmp file. Create a validation data set with 50% of the data. We will write a custom essay sample on Predictive Modeling Decision Tree or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use Decision Tree, Regression and Neural Network approached for building predictive models. Perform a comparative analysis of the three competing models on validation data set. Write down your final conclusions on which model performs the best, what is the best cut-off to use, and what is the ‘value-added’ from conducting predictive modeling? Upload the saved file with the assignment. I created 6 models for this project, which are DT1, DT2, Reg1, Reg2, Reg3, and NN. After testing, the parameters I used to predict â€Å"IsBadBuy† in all my models are: PurchDate, Auction, VehicleAge, Transmission, WheelType, VehOdo, All â€Å"MMRs†, VehBCost, IsOnlineSale, and WarrantyCost. Those parameters together can help me get better models (i. e. ROC Area 0. 7) I used the cut-off of 0. 6, because after trying out other cut-offs such as 0. 5, 0. 7, and 0. , the results were either â€Å"I’m eliminating too many Good Buys†, or â€Å"I’m accepting too many Bad Buys†. As we know, both of the situations will affect the business (i. e. if we want stronger confident of the model, we will have too many 0s in the result, which means we may accept more Bad Buys in accident). Finally, I decided to use 0. 6 as my cut-off to balance the situation. The best model I chose is Reg2 (Forward regression model). I have two reasons: First, Reg2 has the largest ROC Area in the Logistic Fit compression (Saved as â€Å"Lodistic1~6†), which is 0. 478; Second, it has a relatively low (the second smallest) number in the FalseNegative box from the Contingency Table among all models. For my second reason, I didn’t use overall accuracy because I think the FalseNegative will damage the business more than FalsePossitive does. Because accidentally having a BadBuy will cost the company to do all require and fix job. For the Value-added calculation, as we can see in the Contingency tables (Saved as â€Å"Contingency 1~6†), the Baseline Accuracy is 49. 89. The accuracy of Reg2 is 82. 49. So the Reg2 provides the lift value of 82. 49/49. 89 = 1. 653. How to cite Predictive Modeling Decision Tree, Essay examples

Petroleum Resource Rent Tax In Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax In Australia. Answer: Introduction There has been a tax sink hole as the gas multinational fuel companies that exploit LNG in Australia have claimed fifty billion dollars more in relief in one year (Aston, 2017). By building up an additional $51 billion in tax in credits, these MNCs have further delayed any reasonable royalty payment from the enormous export industry in Australia. This means that these energy giants evade payment of their share of tax unethically. This is because the Australian Tax Office submitted a review of the PRRT to Treasurer Scott Morrison that demonstrated that the combined tax credits/carry forward expenditure of the LNG industry surged to $238 billion in the trading period 2015-16, having shot up by $51 billion from $187 billion the past year. This was equivalent to $138 million per day increase over twelve months. The MNCs have taken a relief in the industrys war chest of the tax credits thereby unethically shielding themselves (Chevron, and Shell) from any meaningful PRRTs contribution in its lifetime. This is quite shocking since PRRT is the solely royalty-kind payment that the big LNG projects such as Chevron-, Shell- and Exxon-owned Gorgon must pay in exchange of the billions of dollars in Australian gas extracted and exported to Asia by these MNCs. Thus, evading this tax unethically by failing to disclose information as required is indeed shocking and deprives Australia of the huge dollars in terms of royalty that in fact rightfully belongs to its economy (Smith, 2013). The LNG MNCs solely declared taxable profits of 2.10 billion dollars in the trading year 2015-16. The PRRT stood at forty percent of the taxable profit subsequent to deductible capital alongside exploration expenditure written off against the assessable receipts. Due to the high uplift rates for the deductions compounding over life of projects, certain gas projects might never pay PRRT. There is a need for future projects to evade extremely high uplift rates for carrying forward such deductions into the future years where profits are stronger since currently, these rates are as high as long-term bond rate in addition to 15% points (Aston, 2017). It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to probe and present a detailed critical evaluation of theaccounting and ethical issues referred to in the Aston (2017) article based on two perspective in relation to Petroleum Rent Tax (PRRT). The evaluation undertakes a comprehensive comparison of the insights from each theory (perspective) and outlines the different impacts on the preparers, users, regulators and the public. Approach to the Research Project To critically evaluate and submit a comprehensive evaluation report on theaccounting and ethical issues referred to by Heath (2007), this paper uses two theories (progressive income tax theory and regressive income tax theory) with respect to PRRT. The evaluation is anchored on a detailed comparison of the insights from each of above income tax theories and highlighting the different impacts of such insights on the financial statement preparers, users, regulators and the public (Mintz Chen, 2012). The paper undertakes a systematic critical review of the articles relating to the above two opposing income tax theories and the AASB 112 Income Taxes to understand the interpretation of the Australian PRRT. This follows the appreciation that the RRRT can only be interpreted within the scope of Accounting Standards AASB 112 Income Taxes. The interpretation 1003 of the Australian PRRT will help in understanding both accounting and ethical issues highlighted by Heath (2007). Both Accounting Standard AASB 112 Income Taxes andAccounting Standard AASB 108 Accounting Policies, Changes inAccounting Estimates and Errors will form key references in this evaluation. The PRRT Assessment Act 1987 will also help in understanding the calculations of the taxable profits. Thus, Australian PRRT will be interpreted in this report as an income tax within AASB 112 scope and hence the MNCs must recognize, measure and present it in accordance with AASB 112. This interpretation will thus apply to: each firm which is required to prepare financial reports in accordance with Part 2M.3 of the Corporation Act 2001 and which is a reporting entry. It will also be applicable to the general purpose financial statement of each other reporting firm; and applies to all financial statement which are, or are held out to be, general purpose financial sta tements. Analysis and Theoretical/Conceptual Application From the Heath (2017), following accounting and ethical issues come out clear. First, in determining the Australian PPRT taxable profit, it is clear that the MNCS did not adhere to the AASB 112 requirements that dictate that PRRT be assessed based on petroleum projects, and subsequently levied at the rate of forty percent on taxable profit of the project. The MNCs did not calculate the taxable profit for the PRRT purposes as the excess of assessable receipts over sum of; (a) the eligible spending incurred, (b) un-deducted/carried forward spending which are compounded yearly at the uplift rate constituting the long-run bond rate plus fifteen percent for exploration spending or in addition to five percent for project operating and development expenditure; and (c) un-deducted exploration spending which is compounded at uplift rate which is transferred from other projects the taxpayer is involved in or, where the taxpayer is a company in a wholly-possessed group, from additional projects within group. The MNCs did not adhere to the provision that requires such non-deductible expenditures as private override royalty payments and income tax. Also, the MNCs did not adhere to the requirements that PRRT be paid in quarterly installments. The requirements for the PRRT payments as deductibles were not adhered to during the determination of taxable income within the confinement of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The MNCs unethically failed to apply all the requirements of the AASB 112 that are all applicable to Australian PRRT including such requirements linked to definition, recognition, measurement, presentation, as well as disclosure of the current alongside deferred tax associated with Australian PRRT (Kraal, 2016). This is why the MNCs also reported a mere 2.1 billion dollars as the taxable profit in the disguise of information asymmetry between them and the government, public, users and regulators to deprive the country payment of the correct royalty. Theoretical/Conceptual Application PRRT is the profit-oriented tax levied on petroleum project and has been subsequently applied from 2012, 1 July to include all Australian onshore as well as offshore oil alongside gas projects including the oil shale and coal seam gas projects of the North West Shelf. The PRRT history is traced from the enabling legislation, the PRRT Assessment Act 1987. The parliament passed the Act and became effective on January 15, 1988. PRRT applied to all offshore areas with exemption of Bass Strait and North West Shelf at that time. PRRT has gone through various amendment since introduction starting 1991 through July 1, 2012 when it was extended to onshore oil as well as gas projects including oil shale projects, coal seam gas projects of North West Shelf came into effect. From the above two opposing theories of income tax, it is clear that Australian is using a regressive tax approach that does not effectively capture the income tax (PRRT) as would otherwise be captured by progressive taxation. The resource rent is classically defined as the excess of total project lifetime value emerging from a deposit exploitation over sum of all costs of exploiting the resource including compensation of all factor inputs. The principle underlying the PRRT is to solely tax the rent and leave alone the investors required return to carry out the investment. In principle, however, this should never distort the decisions of investment, in so far as it need not change the pre-tax merits of the investment. In this regard, PRRT remains a neutral tax that can only be captured by progressive taxation. Based on the resource rent definition, a decline in risk linked to investors investment would, ipso facto, decrease the investors minimum required return to carry out the investment hence surging the potential of resource rent of the deposit. The resource rent taxation remains very topical and has enormously featured in deliberations of the resource tax policy in the 1970s. The renewed interest in resource rent taxation is the discourse over how best to share the spoils of recent extractive industries boom as the regressive taxation theorists have failed miserably in term of PRRT capture. Sharing of such spoils remains often marred with brinkmanship between the host economies and the industry, leading to a skyrocketed uncertainty and feasible limitations on investments in these resources in the longer run. The challenge that has to be addressed by the fiscal policy relates to the optimization of revenue from such heterogeneous resource endowment amidst the economic uncertainty without resorting to brinkmanship which always result from regressive income tax theory application to PRRT due to its fiscal rigidities. The fiscal flexibilities and employment of progressive taxes, avail a more orderly as well as predictable footing for effective-re-allocation of benefits between the host economy and the industry when economic conditions alter. The progressive taxations targeting resource rent must maximize the revenue from the resource by optimizing resource exploitation in general as well as optimizing rent available from each resource project. Various taxes have already been designed targeting resource rent capture with a range of extent of accuracy. The PRRT takes the case of a more accurate progressive taxes in relation to resource rent capture. The host country, Australia in the present case, has to balance such advantages against the fiscal risks linked with various kinds of taxes and resources required to guarantee effective PRRT administrations. Experience indicates that pure regressive PRRT could impose an unacceptable degree of fiscal risk on Australia-at best PRRT has been merged with other promising progressive tax instruments. The emerging issues in PRRT application that cannot be effectively addressed by regressive taxation theorists include; can the required rate of return by the investor be arrived at reliably; what proportion of PRRT should be taxed; how should the government set the tax threshold and tax rates; will PRRT be creditable? PRRT further has a reputation for administrative complexities that could weigh against it when regressive taxation is used. A progressive PRRT is one amongst many available instruments for capturing resource rent. The effectiveness of PRRT relies on the revenue potential, fiscal risk as well as administrative costs linked to PRRT use. The advantage that progressive PRRT has over regressive as well as unsustainable fiscal regimes remains the ability to evade damaging brinkmanship. Discussion and Conclusions The experience of several host government with inclusion of Australian government in the latest periods has been that as MNCs earnings have substantially and dramatically grown, the Australian own revenue from these extractive MNCs industries has lagged well behind as well as declined as a percentage of general profitability (a declined fiscal take). The reason behind this, at least partially, is the Common features of such fiscal regimes designed during the 1980s and 1990s that were mainly regressive tax-based. Such Common features of fiscal regimes had included the low royalties as well as flat rate income taxation merged with generous allowances-investment uplifts and accelerated depreciation (Kraal, 2016). These governments have as well as offered tax holidays in depths of depression in mining sector, supported by agreements stabilization. In oil industry, volume prevalence instead of profit-oriented production sharing together with generous provision for cost recovery to entice investors, encompassed restrained government sharing in any escalation in price. These agreements have remained unsuitable to the altered economic conditions of the contemporary Australia. Australian government is aware that windfall taxes are currently on political agenda and hence their introduction would capture profits otherwise, an outcome which would be particularly difficult to accept. Given this backdrop, several host economies have been attempting to regressively tax windfalls of incumbents and imposing stringent entry terms for the new entrants. This has, however, been coupled with rising nationalization and deprival of direct access by private sector to valuable petroleum deposits. The Australian government and extractive MNCs or extractive industries must re-allocate benefits between them in absence of brinkmanship by adopting the progressive PRRT (Kraal, 2013). After all, variable rent potential alongside commodity price volatility have been known phenomena for a number years. What could the solutions be to this challenge? One can argue that better foresight anchored on regressive taxation would be panacea so that fiscal terms might be better tailored to technical as well as economic circumstances which shall prevail in the course of lifetime of resource project. In essence, this is what the Australian government and MNCs investors have attempted in particular project negotiation over the fiscal terms. Nevertheless, experience suggests that any such attempts of forecasting the complete array of feasible economic outcomes over a project lifetime remain fallible (Siu, Picciotto, Mintz Sawyerr, 2015). The Australia is often disadvantaged due to information asymmetry between the government and these MNCs in terms disclosure of taxable profits hence the outcome of dependence on forecasts is probably either in favor of MNCs or barring parties from arriving at a consensus. The fiscal flexibility need to be built into design of the fiscal regime up front in order that financial benefits are re-allocated on the agreed footing if and when the economic conditions alter. This will be favorable for both host economy and the MNCs and would bar the accounting and the ethical issues that have been recognized above including failure by MNCs to fully disclose the useful financial information on their profits as well as intentional delays of royalty payments. The government of Australia can provide this fiscal flexibility via the progressive taxation upon which the share of overall benefits are re-allocated progressively in favor of Australia as the host economy as the general value of benefits surges. Unfortunately, Australian government is still using a regressive fiscal regime which has allowed the MNCs to tax credits or carry forwards which is hurting the populace since there is no royalty payment at the moment despite by MNCs despite the doubling in MNCs profits but halved revenue to the government since 2013 (Kraal, 2012). The progressive taxation must, in principle, maximize the PRRT potential both by surging the resource deposits quantity exploited and uplifting rent availability from each. To control the above accounting and ethical issues or loopholes used by MNCs by manipulating the PRRT and subsequently evading through carry forwards and tax credits, the Australian government should never employ a tax framework whereby the tax rates surges as the function of the price only. The progressive ad-volorem taxation can be integrated since it has been successfully used in Qatar to bar MNCs from manipulating the PRRT. The price-oriented royalty/windfall PRRT ensure that movements of prices remain normally linked to alterations in profitability (Clausing Durst, 2015). This framework disregards the impacts of alterations in cost and output on profitability. There can be a surge in price, however, where unit costs have as well as surged, the generated profits on the pre-tax footing could have stood unchanged or declined and yet tax would still be payable at the hiked rate. Such an approach remains an inaccurate method of capturing resource rent that will culminate in distortion (Kraal Yapa, 2012). The government of Australian should accurately capture this resource rent by making the tax rates a function of the actually achieved profitability but ensure that there is full disclosure on the part of the MNCs. The Australian government need to use the most accurate method for capturing resource rent by directly linking tax rates to return on investment accomplished by the MNCs. In this regard, the government should adopts the Timo Lestes Supplemental Petroleum Tax which is typical progressive resource rent tax. In this structure, the tax base denotes the resource project; the threshold rate of return on investment (16.5%) at which the PRRT would be applicable; and a specified rate (22.5%) is applicable to net profits. Impacts on the Preparers, Users, Regulators and the Public Preparers: the use of ineffective regressive taxation theory by Australian government on PRRT has enabled them to manipulate PRRT through failure to disclose useful financial information on taxable profits and hence benefit their MNCs employers through failing to pay royalties via carry forwards and tax credits. Users; the users of financial information from these MNC have been shortchanged due to failure by the MNCs to disclose the useful financial information on their taxable profits by failing to comply with the AASB 112. Regulators: The regulators have been dealt a blow due to the information asymmetry between them and the MNCs leading to regulatory capture whereby the MNCs have captured the state through their PRRT manipulative actions like carry forwards and tax credits. Public: The have been shortchanged due to failure by the MNCs to delay the payment of their royalties as they capture and manipulate the regulators. Conclusion The identified accounting issues and ethical issues through the MNCs manipulation of the PRRT needs urgent attention. The government of Australia should change from regressive taxation to progressive taxation including the use of such alternative taxation as ad-volorem to help maximize the revenue while not hampering/distorting the investments by MNCs. References Aston, H. (February 13 2017). Tax sink hole: Gas multinationals claim $50 billion more in relief credits in a year . The Sydney Morning Herald, 1-2. https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tax-sink-hole-gas-multinationals-claim-50-billion-more-in-relief-credits-in-a-year-20170213-gubmfv.html Clausing, K. A., Durst, M. C. (2015). A Price-Based Royalty Tax?. Kraal, D. (2012). Australia's Resource Rent Tax: The Multi-National Mining Industry Response. Kraal, D. (2013). A grounded theory approach to the minerals resource rent tax. Austl. Tax F., 28, 841. Kraal, D. (2016). Australias petroleum resource rent tax: Paul Keating, Peter Walsh and other game changers. Griffith Law Review, 25(4), 492-524. Kraal, D. (2016). The Petroleum Resource Rent Tax: Overview of primary documents and literature leading to the 1987 legislation. Browser Download This Paper. Kraal, D., Yapa, P. S. (2012). Resource rent taxes: the politics of legislation. Mintz, J., Chen, D. (2012). Capturing economic rents from resources through royalties and taxes. Siu, E. D., Picciotto, S., Mintz, J., Sawyerr, A. (2015). Unitary Taxation in the Extractive Industry Sector. Smith, J. L. (2013). Issues in extractive resource taxation: A review of research methods and models. Resources Policy, 38(3), 320-331.

The Historical Development of Fine Arts in Korea from 1950 to Present

Introduction Korean fine art entails different forms of art that originate from Korea such as pottery, calligraphy, literature, painting, music among other genres, which are characteristically identified by their bold colors, surface decorations, and natural forms. The history of Korean art spans back to the Stone Age period with the introduction of votive sculptures and petro glyphs, which can be dated back to the Neolithic art, Bronze Age art, and the Iron Age art eras (Cavendish 961; Armstrong 92).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Historical Development of Fine Arts in Korea from 1950 to Present specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Subsequently, different styles of art were introduced during the reign of different kingdoms and dynasties (Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Gaya, Unified Silla, Goryeo Dynasty, and the Joseon Dynasty) whereby the Chinese culture is credited for influencing the development of differ ent styles of art that displayed elegance and spontaneity (Mayo, Rimer, and Kerkham 134). However, contemporary art scholars note that the Korean culture, both traditional and modern, consists of a unique style of art that transmits the Chinese culture while assimilating its own unique art culture. Therefore, it is apparent that Korea particularly South Korea offers vibrant art scenes characterized by creativity and innovation in different art genres (Cavendish 961). This paper explores the development of different genres of fine art such as traditional and contemporary dance, music, paintings, sculpture, and drama in Korea from 1950 to present. The History of Fine Arts in Korea Visual Arts The fall of different Korean kingdoms and dynasties coincided with the development of Korean art from the ancient Chinese-influenced forms of art to more distinctive and unique styles of Korean art. During the 20th century, Korean calligraphy, painting, animation, comics, wood-blocks, and printin g were influenced by the transition from Korean Shamanist art through Buddhist art, and finally, to Confucian art. During this period, brush-strokes were used to communicate the artist’s personality through calligraphy, which also enriched the subject matter of the painted works. Moreover, fabric arts as captured through Choe Eun-sun’s work involved embroidery in screen-work, wall decorations, weaving, and designing costumes. Fabric art was also represented through the works of carpet and rug weavers who produced different saddle blankets, imperial dragon carpets, saddle covers, and tiger rugs for different occasions and personalities.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, paper artistry included the use of hand-made paper-works in designing window screens, floor covers, paper fans, paper figures, and for printing. In fact, the use of paper derived from mulberr y roots dates back to thousands of years according to studies conducted in 1960, which revealed that the paper could last about 1000 years (Cavendish 961-963; Connor 265). Painting is another form of visual art, which has been used to celebrate nature and religious themes over the years. However, beginning the 18th century to the present, many artists use painting to depict daily life and different landscapes. For example, the Japanese occupation (1910-1945) is credited for the introduction of western oil-painting, which has since influenced the contemporary South Korean paintings most of which are housed in the National Museum of Contemporary Art (Mayo, Rimer, and Kerkham 135). Through these 20th century art paintings, it is evident that the South Korean artists have continued to employ the western oil-painting styles with a redefined mixture of classical Korean themes, which demonstrate their originality. Moreover, the contemporary painting styles used in Korea demand that the art ist understands the Korean ceramics, pottery, and textures considering that brush-strokes weigh more in judging the Korean artist’s work. Notable Korean artists who combine the contemporary western and distinctive Korean painting styles include Suh Yongsun, Tschoon Su Kim, and Junggeun Oh among others (Cavendish 963). As opposed to South Korea, which still embraces the socialistic art styles, North Korean artists have introduced completely different forms of visual arts exemplified through the production of patriotic films that have dominated the North Korean culture from 1949-1994. These patriotic films have revived the use of architecture, neo-traditional painting, and fabric art to communicate political statements and represent various dramatic landscapes. This revolution has seen the emergence of politically-charged revolutionary posters, documentary films, visual crafts, realistic paintings, and exportable needlework by renowned North Korean painters such as the Fwhang s isters whose painting style is a mixture of western and Far East techniques (Armstrong 92; Cavendish 900). Ceramics, Sculpture and Metal Crafts The production of different forms of ceramics spans six centuries since the introduction of the celadon vases (blue-green in color) production techniques by the Chinese. Since then, the Korean people have owned the techniques with a few changes such as the introduction of the inlaid designs, which represent different natural motifs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Historical Development of Fine Arts in Korea from 1950 to Present specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, pottery that combines the traditional and modern techniques is the most famous activity taking place in Inchon whereby artisans are involved in producing quality ceramics. On the other hand, the introduction of sculpture dates back to the Buddhism era whereby stone, bronze, and wood were th e main raw materials used to carve images of Buddha and pagodas as exemplified by the Buddhist sculpture at the Sokkuram Gotto Shrine (Kyongju). Despite the decline of Buddhist sculpture with the emergence of Confucianism, modern sculpture has been widely practiced since the 1960s in different places including plazas, streets, and parks across South Korea (Cavendish 961-969). Metal craft is another form of ancient art exemplified by the ancient decorated bronze structures that can be found all over South Korea. Furthermore, history has it that the ancient Shilla artisans are well known for the use of gold and jade in cramming tombs and producing bronze bells such as the Divine Bell of King Songdok. Many other ancient handicrafts such as gilt crowns, ornaments, and pots have been excavated and are now available at the National Museum of Korea in Seoul. Currently, handicrafts are uniquely designed for specific purposes as opposed to their aesthetic value. Furthermore, there has been a sporadic change from the traditional techniques of using metal, fabric, and wood to the modern techniques employing glass, paper, and leather (Cavendish 970). Korean architecture and interior design has a long history, which can be seen through the traditional Korean gardens and palaces. In these gardens and palaces, ancient ideographs can be seen. The ideographs display various geometric, animal, plant, and nature patterns (motifs), which offer an aesthetic value to different architectural structures. Some of the most famous geometric designs and patterns, which have stood the test of time, include squares, triangles, concentric circles, and diamonds among others. Conversely, some rock carvings were designed to represent animal patterns, and in most cases they coincided with the food-gathering seasons. However, the current use of different architectural and interior design patterns involves the decoration of doors, temples, shrines, spoons, furniture, and other objects to add an a esthetic value (Cavendish 965-970; Connor 265). Performing Arts Performing arts in Korea encompass the art of story-telling/comedy, tea ceremonies, musical arts and theatre, dance, literature, and poetry. The tea ceremony is usually held in a specific house characterized by its own unique architecture within the garden. In the tea house, ritualized conversations, pottery, traditional costumes, and poetry are important aspects of art that offer an artistic and cultural experience for the attendees.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, musical arts and theatre have had a long history in South Korea with a few changes, which have led to the emergence of different categories of music in Korea including traditional, western, and a mixture of Western and Eastern styles. Traditionally, music was categorized into folk music and p’ansori (a musical narrative involving folktales and novels). These categories of traditional music have been preserved and classically developed into new music since the establishment of the Korean Traditional Performing Arts Center in 1951 (Cavendish 961-980). Contemporary music in Korea has the same test of audiences as other forms of western music despite that most Korean artists perform using various stringed instruments while some are well known for their prowess as symphony directors. World music has also influenced Korean music despite efforts made to differentiate it from other Western and Eastern forms, and currently, the Korean musicals is a representative of various innovations and revivals of Korean music in the 21st century. Conversely, post 1945, the Korean masks have found extensive use in folk-art dramas and as tourist artifacts (Cavendish 976-981). Dance and Theatre are other important forms of performing arts, which have been rediscovered in South Korea as early as the 1980s with the declaration by the government that the few remaining dances should be preserved and protected by the Intellectual Property protection laws. Furthermore, the establishment of the Korean Culture and Arts Foundation has also accelerated the development of performing arts and the preservation of traditional dramas. Currently, contemporary dance and ballet thrives in the presence of many companies and ballet troops housed in the National Theatre in Seoul, which is basically dedicated to promoting traditional music, drama, and dance. Moreover, the Sejong Cultural Center in Seoul is also dedicated to the development of orchestras, choirs, and dance. Despit e narrative storytelling based on dramatic songs or physical comedians thriving over the years, it is still dominated by male performers (Connor 265-270; Cavendish 990). Moreover, South Korea and Korea in general has not seen the emergence of Stand-up Comedy due to the underlying cultural considerations, and thus, more needs to be done to promote performing arts from this perspective. Works Cited Armstrong, Charles, A. The North Korean revolution, 1945-1950. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004. Print. Cavendish, Marshall. World and its Peoples: eastern and Southern Asia. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Print. Connor, Mary, E. The Koreas. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Publishers, 2009. Print. Mayo, Marlene J., Rimer, Thomas J., and Kerkham, Eleanor, H. War, occupation, and creativity: Japan and East Asia, 1920-1960. United States of America: University of Hawaii Press. Print. This research paper on The Historical Development of Fine Arts in Korea from 1950 to Present was written and submitted by user Sariah Rutledge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Campaign Funding essays

Campaign Funding essays What We Dont Know About Campaign Finance Does Hurt Us. No matter what your social issue, if you want to solve it get the money out of politics. Only then will lawmakers vote for their people rather than their pocketbooks. Jack E. Lohman. Money corrupts politics, and when contributions are being made to candidates it is not in the best interest of the American people. Campaign Finance is out of control in todays political races. Candidates are taking money from wherever and whoever they can get it. Soft money is flowing through elections without care or caution. People who make these contributions do not share the views of the average citizen, so politicians end up representing the wrong people. Money decides races, sometimes leaving the better man but lighter spender out of a position. Candidates make decisions based on what will help them financially that what is better for the people. Contributions by industry are made not in the interest of the people, sometimes hurting them in ways they dont even know. No matter what th e opposition may say campaign finance reform is needed urgently to keep our democracy as our founders intended it. People and corporations that make the largest donations to campaigns do not share views with the general population. Politicians will listen to those who give them money so that they can depend on that money being there again when it is time for reelection. Yet individual donors making a $200 dollar or more contribution make up only .33% of the population. This extremely small percentage of mostly wealthy individuals gain the power to influence politicians to their liking. The idea that these people should have power to affect government more than those with less money goes against the concept of equality for all, which is what made this country great. People who make large donations do not share the same views on most issues as the general population...

The importance of Rossi work to understanding the city Essay

The importance of Rossi work to understanding the city - Essay Example The development of a city in relation to these manmade features is what makes up the city’s nature and morphology and from this reference Rossi is able to define urbanism. The city’s nature can be examined using massive structures, engineering works, and structures that are characteristic to their own history. Failure of connecting these two shows the sophisticated reality that has to be addressed for the future of the city. The history is the very important for the city’s development. Its favorable character and good moments of life, is very necessary in the city life. The man made features is work of art while the city is viewed as a human achievement and these achievements have the biggest contribution for the overall individuality of the city. Rossi believes that only the historian can give the complete picture of a city because they are the only ones who are totally concerned with defining the urban manmade features and their gradual development in different eras. History provides to urban science making it very important. This statement is related to the theory of remaining unchanged. The city is an object that is manmade and we will always feel the past and it will give meaning to the state of being permanent. This permanence can be felt in nature’s existence and the way towards which the city is headed. Rossi defines urban manmade features as the main elements because they have provided for the cultural and morphological of the city’s evolution. A good example is the changing of the amphitheatre at Nimes was changed in a fortress to become a little functional city of inhabitants of around two thousand. Outside the wall, it grew with a shape of amphitheatre as the main element. A city is a collection of the memory of those who belong there and the same with memory, it has to be associated with places and objects. It is a point of memories that are collected. Locus and citizenry

Tracing the development of painting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tracing the development of painting - Term Paper Example The essay "Tracing the development of painting" discovers the development of painting. The chronological discussion of painting styles proves the difference in visual characteristics but with a number of similarities and are related to each other in some way or other. This painting style was originated around 1600s and influenced the following centuries. Besides, this form of painting style is rich and deep in color, and the intense usage of light and shadow. The exponents of Baroque style made use of the most exact moment or the dramatic point of events arouse emotionality in the minds of viewers. One of the best examples for Baroque as a painting style is The Deposition by Caravaggio. Neoclassicism dominated the European art from 18th century to 19th century. Neoclassicism was basically a reaction against Rococo style in European Art. As a painting style, Neoclassicism gave due importance to Roman and Greek art. Its influence is not limited to the sphere of painting, but it extends to other forms of art like literature and architecture. One of the best examples for Neoclassicism as a painting style is The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David. Realism originated in Europe, especially in France, in 1850s. Besides, it was a movement against Romanticism. Realism was totally against the emotionalism projected by Romanticism, and was in favor of the ideology of Objective Realism. So, truth and accuracy were the fundamental principles of Realism in painting. In short, realism gave due importance.... Impressionism: Impressionism originated in Paris, as an Art movement in 19th century. The name Impressionism is originated from Claude Monet’s art work, namely ‘Impression, Sunrise’. The usage of thin brushstrokes, perfect lighting, usage of ordinary subjects, and strange visual angles are some of its main characteristics. One of the best examples for Impressionism is The Abduction of Egypt by Shwidkiy Andrey (see appendix -4). Post-Impressionism: Post-Impressionism was developed in France during 1880s. Roger Fry, the renowned British Art critic was behind the creation of the term Post-Impressionism. Post-Impressionism was an extension of Impressionism, but rejected the limitations of Impressionism. The exponents of Post-Impressionism gave more importance to geometric forms. The usage of unnatural color in paintings is one of the most important features of Post-Impressionism. One of the best examples for Post-Impressionism is Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh (See ap pendix – 5). Cubism: Cubism transformed the scenario of painting in Europe and deeply influenced other forms of art like sculpture and music. The basic element of Cubism is to break down the object, analyze it, and to re- assemble the same. This helps the painter to present the art work with difference in subject matter. The usage of random angles is the most important aspect of cubism. One of the best examples for Cubism is Guernica by Pablo Picasso (see appendix-7). Geometric abstraction: Geometric abstraction is based on abstract art. Besides, it is based on non-objective and two dimensional models. It rejects exaggeration and illusionistic modes of painting and makes use of canvas as

Read Nancy Herthers Digital Natives and Immigrants Essay

Read Nancy Herthers Digital Natives and Immigrants - Essay Example A sad parent tried to sue MySpace website because their daughter got sexually assaulted (Fleming, 2008). The US District Court Judge dismissed the claim by stating that it was her parent’s duty to protect their child not of MySpace. Fleming describes the whole process of how the online community works. She portrays it in such a light that there is repulsion felt by the reader even in processes like making friends, setting up an online profile or sharing or liking each other’s posts to spread the message. Fleming’s style is a little exploitative when she stresses too much on one side of the picture because online networks like YouTube, MySpace and Facebook are not only used to advertise the most personal thoughts across the world. Different online groups have grown on such platforms where people have find their old friends. They start many good things like projects, work groups and businesses together. However, Fleming needs to portray it in such an emotionally re pulsive light because the crimes committed under exploitation of social media are so heinous that one needs to exploit the truth to make the point. Sometime persuasion requires little bit of exploitation to get the point

Government Influence on Media Debate

Government Influence on Media Debate Mass media is the vital means which keep people informed about event and news over the world. It is one of the most important stages to communicate and transfer information. Obviously, people receive external and internal news anywhere even they busy by listening radio and/or reading newspaper, magazine and internet. That mean mass media is the most powerful tool of communication. There are many kinds of media such as newspaper, radio, television and internet. It is useful for entertainment, advertisement and news around the world. Mass media has positive and negative impacts on the audience. That mean should be censorship to assess mass media and make it suitable for all audience. It would argue that some people believe that government should not influence on the mass media. However, others think that the government should control the mass media. In my opinion, I think that the government should have responsibilities and duties to control mass media. In this essay will write about advantages and disadvantages of mass media. Then I will discuss about the government should involve in regulating forms of influence on news, violence program, advertisement, sexual themes and education. After that I will mention some suggestion about media. Mass media has positive and negative effects on the people. There are many of advantages of media. First of the advantages, it helps you to increase your knowledge by reading articles in newspaper or watching TV program. Second, it keeps you inform about news internal and external world by listening to radio. Third, it helps you to improve your skills such as reading and listening. Moreover, magazine or TV advertisement obtains best offer for perfect product. On the other hand, if you followed the media extensively it could cause negative impacts such as media may cause obesity because setting long time read, watch or listen. Furthermore, children or young might learn bad habits like smoking or eating drugs because they imitate hero in film. In addition, people may miss some skill like speaking fluently because they learn to read and write with media. In many places around the world people believe that news take part in human life. The people want to know every events that happen around them. Therefore, mass media makes report daily and monthly to keep people informed. Also it reflects the news in best way to affect on people and make them happy to follow the broadcast. Audience might not trust any information sent to them by newspaper or television because fake news influence on the true news. Sometimes the media broadcasts the events in different way or it changes some parts in this events to attract people. Producing fake news may led to make serious problem between people and government entire the country or between two countries. The government should contribute many efforts to regulate the mass media by providing censorship for all kinds of media. Moreover, encouraging the media to make news in easiest way to understand it clear. That means the media not allows to establish programs or report without assessment from the gove rnment. For instance, when the newspaper and/or television produce report they need to have permission to establish it. Watching horror films and excessive violence programs seem good way to spend free time for young people. They set at home or they go to cinema to watch these program in terms of fun and entertainment. These programs design to make you concentrate on the events and try to think what could happen at the end. In this kind of program may show crime unreal like monsters or real but fake film like murder kill people. Excessive watching horror and violence cause many problems for young people especially children as the following. First of all the attitude, mood and behavior will change to worse such as speaking of young uncivilized because they imitate the film. Second, it might make children less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, be more fearful of the world around them and be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. As result, the government should notice that and teach the parents to look after their children and keep them away. The government shoul d obtain the instruction of any program by provide legal age to watch it. For example, some films indicate the suitable age to watch the film to prevent children from any violence. In many companies around the world use the media to advertise their product. The companies pay huge amount of money to show the product in the media. Usually they target children in advertisement which help them to sale goods. They create best broadcast by using famous hero use this product which attract children to buy it. Also, they use carton film to advertise product by doing unbelievable thing. That might make children believe that unhealthy food make you strong. Watching a lot of advertisements cause negative effects on children such as child believe every think in the media and do not realize the broadcast made for commercial and get money. Therefore, in my opinion the government should limit the advertisement or reduce time broadcasting. Moreover, the government should encourage companies to make broadcast with positive goal such as encourage children to eat fruits or mention in broadcasting some benefits of vitamins. In the visible media use attractive and sexual people to show the program like television and internet also in magazine they use photos of beauty girls. This kind of show to attract people and make them concentrate in the program. Companies provide beautiful girls an handsome boys in terms of fashion. The companies effort the worker more attractive to attract people and sell product. For instance, the companies use semi-naked girls to advertise hair care products, shaving blades and creams and/or body soaps. Some of the boys and girls do strong diet to be slim like the actors or actress. This may cause negative effect on their life such as cause some disease. Moreover, the people tend to watch romantic films which contain a lot of sexual themes. Also, some adult watch sexual films in terms of entertainment. However, the children will watch most of unacceptable themes in television or internet. This will encourage children to do earlier sex and do not care about wearing naked cloths. Because the children do not know sham and they think do right. This issue should solve by government. The government influence on the media by provide suitable age to watch and delay the broadcasting until mid night to be ensure children sleep. The mass media source of information for people so it work hard in terms of education which is the important concept in our life. Media provide variety programs to educate people. There are many program in history and culture in different countries. These broadcast to keep you informed about your traditional culture. Moreover, mass media will increase your knowledge by providing a large number of competition programs. There are many channel provide documentary and scientist material to give you view about the nature. Also, some magazine and newspaper provide different subject and games help you to think. These programs useful for all ages for example children may learn to read and write through TV or magazine. I think, the government keep encouraging mass media to improve the part of education. Furthermore, the government should give the media motivation to work hard and to keep going. Before the end of this essay I would mention some useful suggestion to help us to get benefits of media. First of all, the government should encourage people to read books by giving people pursuers about importance of media and how we use it in correct way. Second, the people should notice list for good program also do not concentrate on TV or internet only but you should read. Third, the parents should look after their children by deleting some channels from TV or band TV at the midnight and help them to understand the correct way for the media. Finally, I would say you should do sport to keep your mental awake. To sum up, me and some people believe that mass media plays a fundamental role in our life. It seems that mass media is the quick way to connect between the government and individuals. Therefore, the government should control mass media to promote education and development target also to protect young people from misleading habits.

Cleopatras Initial Encounter With Caesar Essay -- Egypt History Paper

Cleopatra's Initial Encounter With Caesar Cleopatra is desperate-she needs to gain the throne of Egypt before her inadequate younger brother, Ptolemy, convinces Caesar to grant him full power. But alas, Cleopatra has been banished from Egypt by the ruthless Pothinus. Fortunately, the brilliant Cleopatra devises a plan to enter her Egyptian castle rolled up in a carpet, posing as a gift for the great Caesar. Her loyal servant, Apollodoros, carries her through a secret passageway and into the palace, where they are met by Caesar's guards. They continue into Caesar's quarters, where Apollodoros unrolls the carpet to reveal the stunning Cleopatra. Caesar is impressed not only by Cleopatra's intelligence, but also by her undeniable beauty, and pronounces Cleopatra the sole ruler of Egypt. Such is the story of the meeting of Caesar and Cleopatra as told by Plutarch and others that followed him. The extent of the story's truth remains a mystery, but it is likely that Plutarch included it in his account merely for entertainment value-it is only fitting that the alluring Cleopatra enters the castle with such a grand appearance. Because it is written in Plutarch's interpretation, many perceive the story as fact and include it in their own works. The scene, however-and the portrayal of Cleopatra within it-vary among different compositions. Regardless of the probable fictitious aspect of the scene, it is an important one, for it is in this scene that the level of Cleopatra's strength and power is revealed. INTELLIGENT YET INFERIOR Initially, it appears as though the rug scene is a display of Cleopatra's wit, for she uses her intelligence to devise a plan to enter the palace. In addition, it seems that Cleopatra has heightened ... ...lmi, Sr. With Billy Zane, Leonor Varela, and Timothy Dalton. ABC/Hallmark Entertainment, 1999. Cleopatra. Dir. Mankiewicz. With Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and Rex Harrison. 20th Century Fox, 1963. Foreman, Laura. Cleopatra's Palace: In Search of a Legend. New York: Discovery Books, 1999. George, Margaret. The Memoirs of Cleopatra. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. Gerome, Jean Leon. Cleopatra and Caesar. Private Collection. Hamer, Mary. Signs of Cleopatra. New York: Routledge, 1993. Hughes-Hallet, Lucy. Cleopatra: Histories, Dreams, Distortions. New York: Harper & Row, 1990. Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes [c. 100 C.E.]. Trans. Sir Thomas North (1579). Ed. Geoffrey Bullough, Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Vol. V. Columbia UP, 1964. Shaw, Bernard. Caesar and Cleopatra [1898]. New York: Penguin, 1957. Cleopatra's Initial Encounter With Caesar Essay -- Egypt History Paper Cleopatra's Initial Encounter With Caesar Cleopatra is desperate-she needs to gain the throne of Egypt before her inadequate younger brother, Ptolemy, convinces Caesar to grant him full power. But alas, Cleopatra has been banished from Egypt by the ruthless Pothinus. Fortunately, the brilliant Cleopatra devises a plan to enter her Egyptian castle rolled up in a carpet, posing as a gift for the great Caesar. Her loyal servant, Apollodoros, carries her through a secret passageway and into the palace, where they are met by Caesar's guards. They continue into Caesar's quarters, where Apollodoros unrolls the carpet to reveal the stunning Cleopatra. Caesar is impressed not only by Cleopatra's intelligence, but also by her undeniable beauty, and pronounces Cleopatra the sole ruler of Egypt. Such is the story of the meeting of Caesar and Cleopatra as told by Plutarch and others that followed him. The extent of the story's truth remains a mystery, but it is likely that Plutarch included it in his account merely for entertainment value-it is only fitting that the alluring Cleopatra enters the castle with such a grand appearance. Because it is written in Plutarch's interpretation, many perceive the story as fact and include it in their own works. The scene, however-and the portrayal of Cleopatra within it-vary among different compositions. Regardless of the probable fictitious aspect of the scene, it is an important one, for it is in this scene that the level of Cleopatra's strength and power is revealed. INTELLIGENT YET INFERIOR Initially, it appears as though the rug scene is a display of Cleopatra's wit, for she uses her intelligence to devise a plan to enter the palace. In addition, it seems that Cleopatra has heightened ... ...lmi, Sr. With Billy Zane, Leonor Varela, and Timothy Dalton. ABC/Hallmark Entertainment, 1999. Cleopatra. Dir. Mankiewicz. With Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and Rex Harrison. 20th Century Fox, 1963. Foreman, Laura. Cleopatra's Palace: In Search of a Legend. New York: Discovery Books, 1999. George, Margaret. The Memoirs of Cleopatra. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. Gerome, Jean Leon. Cleopatra and Caesar. Private Collection. Hamer, Mary. Signs of Cleopatra. New York: Routledge, 1993. Hughes-Hallet, Lucy. Cleopatra: Histories, Dreams, Distortions. New York: Harper & Row, 1990. Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes [c. 100 C.E.]. Trans. Sir Thomas North (1579). Ed. Geoffrey Bullough, Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Vol. V. Columbia UP, 1964. Shaw, Bernard. Caesar and Cleopatra [1898]. New York: Penguin, 1957.

Advantages and Disadvantages of mobile phone Essay

Cell phones are a great invention and a popular way to communicate—half of all Americans and Europeans use one. They allow us to work on the go and stay in touch. When put in the hands of a teenager, however, they can have some effects of which adults should be aware. It is a common sight – cell phones (mobile phones) in the hands of people, especially teenagers. Literature has provided in-depth evidence of the uses, advantages, disadvantages, impact, consequences and concerns about the use of mobile phones. Why teenagers fancy this device, is an interesting observation where the experts attach its significance to teenagers’ identity factor. The usage of mobile phones has re-shaped, re-organised and altered several social facets. Particularly focussing on teenagers’ mobile phone usage, literature has provided evidence of them being used for both positive purposes and negative reasons. Is the gap between uses and negative impact widening? Are consequences and concerns superseding positive uses? How do parents/caregivers perceive the overall usage of mobile phones by their teenagers? Are there any solutions, possibilities and avenues to address such problems? These are the basic queries that drive this study. PACG is the acronym for parents/caregivers used in this document. Objectives: This study is centred around parents/caregivers’ (PACG) perceptions of their teenagers’ mobile phone usage: †¢ To gain an overall understanding of teenagers’ mobile phone usage (positive purposes and negative impacts) †¢ To understand the influence of texting on teenagers (such as text language on proper language, text messaging on communication skills) †¢ To understand the effects on teenagers’ physical (such as driving, health) and psychological (such as bullying, un-monitored time usage, family time) safety issues. Methods: A mixed methods approach was employed to explore the research problem. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires (18 closed and 02 open-ended questions) and qualitative data through interviews (approximately  21 questions). The survey and interview participants were parents/caregivers of teenagers aged 13 to 19 years irrespective of their teenagers’ mobile phone possessions. They were broadly divided into seven ethnic groups. 115 PACG completed the questionnaires through survey and 07 participants from the survey sample were interviewed (one from each ethnic group). Results: Teenagers possessing mobile phone/s were 96.5% (n=111). A further breakup of age groups indicated that all the 17-19 olds had mobile phones. In addition, not possessing mobile phone/s is higher in the age bracket 15-16 year olds when compared to 13-14 olds. Chi-Square tests established significance between independent and dependent variables, in the following relationships. The results are briefly mentioned. †¢ ‘Gender’ with ‘teenagers sharing with PACG, if bullied: A high percentage of PACG said that their teenagers share with them if they are bullied. It was also evident that girls share more with PACG, if bullied, than boys do †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘Interruption of personal time with PACG’: A high percentage of PACG said that their personal time is to ‘some extent’ interrupted due to social bonding enabled by their teenagers’ mobile phone usage †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling secure with teenagers’ un-monitored times usage’: A high percentage of PACG said that they feel secure with their teenagers’ mobile phone usage during un-monitored times †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling using mobile phones while driving is risky’: A high percentage of PACG said that using mobile phones while driving is risky †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling to ban mobile phone use while driving’: A high percentage of PACG supported a ban to use †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling to have an age limit to possess a mobile phone’: More than fifty percentage of PACG supported a minimum age limit for possessing a mobile phone either by saying ‘yes’ or ‘probably’. Conclusion: Parents/caregivers of this study express both positive and negative impact towards teenagers’ mobile phone usage. On a positive note, PACG perceive that mobile phones are very useful devices for communication and co-ordination of activities. They also find that they are compulsory as they are used as safety devices especially in emergencies. Voice and text features are considered as the basic required facilities in teenagers’ mobile phones by PACG. On the negative side, PACG express that teenagers are  addicted and obsessed with texting, while some of the PACG feel that it distracts the teenagers from their study time and other important activities. Some PACG hold the service providers responsible for this because of texting plans. Bullying and abusive messages have been perceived as the major problem mediated by mobile phones. PACG express that teenagers with their mobile phones are out of control for them. They also add that teenagers lose control over the information enabled by their mobile phones. Every interviewed PACG expressed concerns on internet access via teenagers’ mobile phones. The overall findings from this study reveal that parents/caregivers’ perceptions of teenagers’ mobile phone usage are not satisfactory. Although they express a mixed opinion, they lean towards negative impacts. A very high number of interview participants expressed the view that negative impacts outweighing positive purposes with teenagers’ mobile phone usage. This further leads to recommendations from PACG on proper usage, future research, avenues and possibilities to implement solutions for problems. PACG mainly perceive that educating teenagers (on consequences and tackling issues) and providing mobile phones to teenagers from the age of 14 years (the legal age to stay home unsupervised and mature enough) will help in ameliorating the negative impacts. In addition, PACG support to ban using mobile phones while driving. These are the outcomes of the study Cell phones and mobile phones are the main invention of modern technology and also have historically been given to human beings to send messages, entertain and ultimately help them make life easier. Also, cell phones have become one of the fastest growing communication technologies. Although mobile phones have greatly facilitated people’s lives, people more and more depend on using cell phones and cannot leave it frequently, especially young people nowadays. There is no denying that cell phones bring a wide variety of benefits to teens, but it also have many negative side effects to teens no matter for their health, study habits and behaviors. Therefore, I believe that the usage of mobile phones should be limited to a wide range of teenagers because the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. To begin with, if we confine teens to use cell phones will make their campus and social life become inconvenient because cell phones allow teenagers to keep in touch not only with their friends, but also with family members, schools and emergency services. Dr. Stefania  Kalogeraki points out â€Å"mobile phones provide a direct communicative channel between teenagers and peer groups, parents and children; therefore the device enhances social interactions and bonding with peers and family†. Despite of the fact that mobile phones can be the excellent tools to stay in touch with people; it also can be a weapon for young people to hurt themselves. Cell phone becomes an addition for a large amount of teenagers around the globe, and its use by this age group has many disadvantages with short-term and long-term consequences. It also will cause lots of jumbo problems for youngsters without proper supervision and responsible use. For their health, radiation, this is the biggest issue for young people who use cell phones everywhere, every day and even every moment. Dr†¦ Cell phones are there to make communication and life much easier, but people engage regularly in multi tasking when they are behind the wheels. â€Å"Cell phones are a great invention and a popular way to communicate—half of all Americans and Europeans use one. They allow us to work on the go and stay in touch, however there are ways in which cell phones can affect teenagers† (Reynolds, 2012). It is important to understand the effects because although â€Å"parents see †¦ cell phones role as a mixed blessing for their teenagers, it can bring distressing things into their lives’’ (Lenhart, Madden, Smith, Purcell, Zickuhr & Raine, 2011). What are possible effects of cell phones on teenagers? There are several ways in which cell phones can affect teenagers, such as educational, social and health, which can all be both positive and negative. Social effects of cell phones can be sex-ting, cyberbullying and social networking. Educational effects are effects relating school and education of a teenager. Health effects are health risks and benefits for a teenager while using a cell phone. There are m any different effects of cell phones on teenagers but the most important ones that are mainly looked at are educational, social and health. This essay will cover the positive and negative educational, social and health effects of cell phones. Positive Effects of Mobile Phones Communication Convenience Mobile Phone is the best way to communicate. We can stay in touch with our  loved ones anywhere, anytime, just because of mobile phones. All thanks to their small size, lightweight, that make them portable. Entertainment Life is nothing less than a hell without any entertainment in it. Thanks to mobile phones that let us entertain while on the go. The mobile phones getting launched nowadays, come with super impressive features related to entertainment. Mobile manufacturers know it pretty well that entertainment is demand of today. This is the reason why mobile phones are nothing less than a complete portable entertainment devices. Useful in Studies and Business Mobile phones are quite useful in studies and business. In both fields, the mobile phone has become like compulsory gadget. Students can access Internet on their mobile phones while on the go, and thus can get knowledge of any topic they wish to. The business persons can keep updated with the markets up and downs, can stay in touch with their employees and clients. Work as Boon in Emergencies Just consider any emergency situation in which you want to talk to your friend, relative or anyone else? Mobile Phone is what works as boon in such situations. You might have faced any emergency situation in which mobile phone helped you, have you? Whether you have faced it or not, it’s quite easy to understand the role of mobile phones in emergencies. Boon is what we can call the mobile phones in such situations, right? Negative Effects of Mobile Phones Bad Impact on Studies The students are just addicted to mobile phones. They can be seen playing games, chatting, and talking to their friends on their mobile phones most of the times. This is the reason why they don’t get time for studies. In fact, students are more interested in wasting their time on mobile phones, rather than spending it on studying. Accident and Health Issues Most of the accidents that happen daily arise because of mobile phones. The  mobile phones have resulted in dangerous driving, whose direct impact can be seen in increasing no. of accidents. Apart from accidents, mobile phones have bad impact on health as well. Several researches conducted by the health experts have proved the bad impact of mobile phones on health. These are the positive and negative impacts of mobile phones on our lives. These is no doubt mobile is a necessity these days, but we should take care of the negative points too and use this technology accordingly. the influence of mobile technology on our lives is huge and even greater on teenagers. In the age in which they’re developing as individuals all that mobile phones birng leaves a strong trace on their growing up. The usage of mobile phones in their age should be controlled but they shouldn’t be discouraged from using them as they bring many benefits. Positive Effects on Teenagers That it provides a sense of security for teenagers as well as their parents, is one of the prominent argument that is put forth by those in favor of cell phones. You will seldom come across someone who doesn’t understand the importance of cell phones or who hasn’t used his/her cell phone in times of emergency. It is this convenience of reaching each other, both for teens and their parents in emergency situations, which makes cell phone one of the most important devices in the world today. At the same time, the recently launched handsets with GPS on board are also of great help, considering that the parents can now keep a track of their child’s whereabouts by tracing his cell phone in real time. Not to forget, cell phones have also given a boost to social networking by giving teenagers the ability to reach out to more people. Negative Effects on Teenagers While terms like safety and connectedness may give the rising trend of cell phone use by teenagers a thumbs up, there are quite a few negative aspects of the same which have put it under the scanner of late. For instance, studies reveal that those teenagers who are addicted to cell phones are prone to sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression. Other than these psychological problems, the use of cell phones is also known to come heavy  on our eyes and thumb in form of repetitive strain injuries – which are similar to those injuries that are caused as a result of using the computer for extended hours on a regular basis. Even though the researchers are divided on this, there do exist some studies which associate cell phone use with brain tumor and low sperm count. While cell phones may improve socialization for teenagers, it restricts the kind of people that these teens come across and widens the gap between them and their parents. Distracted driving is by far the worst of the various negative effects of using a cell phone, with thousands of accidents – mainly those involving teenagers, being attributed to the very trend of attending calls or texting while driving. At the same time, the critics also highlight the fact that the device which was predominantly devised for communication and entertainment is also being used for a lot more than that of late, and accessing pornography is just one of these activities. Initially, it was the computer that was the main source of banned pornographic material for teenagers, but the advent of multimedia cell phones has made it a lot easier for these teens to access pornographic material which ethically they shouldn’t. Similarly, sexual harassment in form of sexting – sending lewd messages, or making porn videos and circulating them, is also on rise. While cyber bullying has been one of the most talked about issues related to Internet use, a relatively ne w but similar concept referred to as ‘text bullying’ is slowly gaining steam especially in school environment. All these arguments and counterarguments has made this topic one of the heated subjects of debate of late. The argument on safety is no doubt justified, but that happens to be one of the very few positive effects of cell phone use – especially with the negative effects of this practice existing in plenty. Overuse or abuse of cell phones cannot be justified at all. It is this blatant abuse of cell phones by individuals belonging to the age group of 13-18 that has put it under the knife for all the wrong reasons. At the end of the day, technology can be of great help when used in correct manner – its misuse, on the other hand, can spell disaster for the user. Negative effects: Physical- mobile phones can affect you, such as brain damage. Mental-mobile phones could interrupt studies. Emotional-mobile phones could cause to phone bullying. Social-the wrong person could get hold of mobile number, so be careful. My objectives are to gather information related to my question, to learn more about mobiles phones having an effect on our youth today. I will carry out my research by exploring the internet, researching books and I will also ask other people what they think about the question for my project. History About Hexagonal call technology When mobile phones were first introduced to the public they had used a technology called the hexagonal cell. Hexagonal cell had enabled the first mobile phone to work, this was developed by Bell Labs. â€Å"Hexagonal technology allowed mobile phones to be used while on the move, this was done by transmitting wireless signals from one tower to another†. This technology had enabled mobile phones to gain reception from anywhere when on the move, this works by the mobile phones transmitting phone signals to the nearest tower to you but when on the move it does this quicker and it is always moving to other towers to get good reception for phones. Good effects of using a mobile phone Travel Safety It is a good idea to let a family member or friend know where you are, where you are going next, and when you arrive. This is good for teenagers to let there parents know if they are alright. Traffic Problems A mobile phone is handy to have to inform the person that you are late and you could come to an arrangement about the time you will arrive. Accidents When we least expect it, accidents happen. Some can be minor accidents and some can be major accidents. If the accident is bad and you need to call for help such as an ambulance to come and help you. This is a big help and you can call for help by using a mobile phone and the call is for free. Staying in Touch Having a mobile phone gives you a privilege to stay in touch with people all over the world with a simple phone call or a text message. Teenagers are always on the phone to there friends. Finding Your Way If Lost This can happen to any of us, a mobile phone could help us get out of this. A mobile phone will allow you to make a call of your choice and you could ring a person to help you make your way back to wherever you want to go. This is good way to help out teenagers if they don’t know there way around. In Case of Emergency In case of an emergency a mobile phone is really useful to have, if you are in trouble with anything use your mobile phone to call 999, this is a free call but this is only to be called if in an emergency. If teenagers carry around a mobile phone they are more likely to be safer then not having one because this mobile phone will allow them to call the police if in trouble with anything. Bad effects of using a mobile phone Addiction Using mobile phones a lot can lead to addiction, especially to teenagers, as wasting time on communicating with people via text messages and phone calls. Auto Accidents Talking or sending SMS text messages on a mobile phone while driving is proven to be as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol. Sleep Loss Mobile phones cause’s teens and young adults to lose sleep, finding it difficult falling and staying asleep, this could increased stress and fatigue. Increased Expenses Mobile phone usage is expensive and can easily lead you to keep buying credit which can cause a lot of money if addicted, this could cause high stress levels. Environmental Effects Improper disposal of cell phones and their batteries can release harmful, non-biodegradable chemicals into the environment. Brain Damage Some Pros Are as following: – Parents can be in touch with their children and know their whereabouts. – Your kids can reach you in the event of an emergency and vice versa. – If in danger, your children can reach the authorities or a medical provider. – Phones can be silenced during class or study periods and active only in appropriate places. – Students can take pictures of class projects to e-mail or show to parents. Ordinarily, parents do not see projects that are completed in groups in school. – Students can text message missed assignments to classmates that are absent. A buddy system can be put into place. – Many cell phones are equipped with calculators-plenty of new math curricula encourage the use of a calculator when problem-solving. A student should become accustomed to having a calculator handy for both homework and real life math applications. Con’s of Cellular Usage – They disrupt the class with noises from the phone and ringtones and you can text other students during class and not pay attention. – Some groups have raised concern, for example, over the possibility of brain tumors, headaches, and dizziness. Others suggest that cell phone usage may have caused some reproductive effects in both males and females.

Free Essays on Manipulation In 1984

switched in a document so that it reads more suitably. This familiar condition is seen in America on many occasions. First, so many documents and missions are marked classified and referred as â€Å"big government secrets.† What could the government be hiding? Surfaced scandals, such as innocent civilians being killed and secret bombings during the Gulf War, having information on terrorist attacks before the event occurs, and hidden documents about flawed big business industries, have shown Americans that not only is our government not perfect, but that th... Free Essays on Manipulation In 1984 Free Essays on Manipulation In 1984 Manipulation in 1984 In the classic novel 1984, author George Orwell writes of a future country called Oceania in which there is nothing that the government doesn’t control. By limiting the country’s historical knowledge, manipulating their minds, and conditioning their bodies, Big Brother is able to undermine citizens and use them as puppets. Though American government isn’t as austere as the fictitious one in 1984, there are definite parallels between Orwell’s writings and today’s society. In 1984, The Party is in control of every source of information, including historical events occurring in the past and the present. One day at work, the main character of the novel, Winston Smith, has to â€Å"rewrite a paragraph of Big Brother’s speech in such a way as to make him predict the thing that had actually happened (pg. 35).† In other words, he must manipulate the words of an article in such a way as to not make the government appear as anything less than perfect. Winston writing in his journal daily automatically assumes that on discovering this secret diary, he will surely be put to death because it is not in favor of The Party and contradicts the very belief system of Oceania. Big Brother, so in control of his country and its citizens, is able to literally rewrite history. He is able to construct the way the world was, is, and always will be by simply having the words switched in a document so that it reads more suitably. This familiar condition is seen i n America on many occasions. First, so many documents and missions are marked classified and referred as â€Å"big government secrets.† What could the government be hiding? Surfaced scandals, such as innocent civilians being killed and secret bombings during the Gulf War, having information on terrorist attacks before the event occurs, and hidden documents about flawed big business industries, have shown Americans that not only is our government not perfect, but that th...

Aqua Regia Definition in Chemistry

Aqua Regia Definition in Chemistry Aqua Regia Definition Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) at a ratio of either 3:1 or 4:1. It is a reddish-orange or yellowish-orange fuming liquid. The term is a Latin phrase, meaning kings water. The name reflects the ability of aqua regia to dissolve the noble metals gold, platinum, and palladium. Note aqua regia will not dissolve all noble metals. For example, iridium and tantalum are not dissolved.Also Known As: Aqua regia is also known as  royal water, or nitro-muriatic acid (1789 name by Antoine Lavoisier) Aqua Regia History Some records indicate a Muslim alchemist  discovered aqua regia around 800 AD by mixing a salt with vitriol (sulfuric acid). Alchemists in the Middle Ages tried to use aqua regia to find the philosphers stone. The process to make the acid was not described in chemistry literature until 1890. The most interesting story about aqua regia is about an event that occurred during World War II. When Germany invaded Denmark, the chemist George de Hevesy dissolved the Nobel Prize medals belonging to Max von Laue and James Franck into aqua regia. He did this to prevent the Nazis from taking the medals, which were made of gold. He put the solution of aqua regia and gold on the shelf in his lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, where it looked like just another jar of chemicals. de Hevesy returned to his laboratory when the war was over and reclaimed the jar. The recovered the gold and gave it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences so the Nobel Foundation to re-make the Nobel prize medals to give to Laue and Franck. Aqua Regia Uses Aqua regia is useful to dissolve gold  and platinum and finds application in the extraction and purification of these metals. Chloroauric acid may be made by using aqua regia to produce electrolytes for the Wohlwill process. This process refines gold to extremely high purity (99.999%). A similar process is used to produce high-purity platinum. Aqua regia is used to etch metals and for analytic chemical analysis. The acid is used to clean metals and organics from machines and laboratory glassware. In particular, its preferable to use aqua regia rather than chromic acid to clean NMR tubes because chromic acid is toxic and because it deposits traces of chromium, which ruin NMR spectra. Aqua Regia Hazards Aqua regia should be prepared immediately before use. Once the acids are mixed, they continue to react. Although the solution remains a strong acid following decomposition, it loses effectiveness. Aqua regia is extremely corrosive and reactive. Lab accidents have occurred when the acid exploded. Disposal Depending on local regulations and the specific use of aqua regia, the acid may be neutralized using a base and poured down the drain or the solution should be stored for disposal. Generally, aqua regia shouldnt be poured down the drain when the solution contains potentially toxic dissolved metals.

One of the most acknowledged artists, Tony Cragg Essay

One of the most acknowledged artists, Tony Cragg - Essay Example The essay "One of the most acknowledged artists, Tony Cragg" discusses the Tony Cragg's career in arts and visual communication and analyzes his work, philosophy, and interactions with the wider society. Tony Cragg started his career in Britain as a laboratory assistant. His main duties in the laboratory involved testing, manipulating and developing various categories of rubber. Cragg took these duties while he was still an art student and therefore he utilized his artistic skill in all experiments that he conducted. Using his drawing techniques, he was able to express his experiment to an understandable level. His background in science is also considered to have contributed to his imagination and creativity. In 1970, Cragg joined the Wimbledon College of Art before he proceeded to the royal college in London. After completing his studies at Wimbledon, Cragg moved Wuppertal in Germany where he continued with his work in visual art. While in Germany Cragg utilized found materials such as broken glass, toys, plastics and metal pieces to produce his works. In 1980, tony Cragg began using bronze and iron as his major artistic materials. He also used other materials such as wood, polystyrene, and steel to cast bronze and iron. Due to complexities in his work, Cragg preferred producing all his sculptors using his own hands. Cragg had a team of assistants who assisted him with his daily work and requirement in his studio. His early forms took from his experiences and encounter with experimental work.